
I love photographs and photography, as I've mentioned in
Antiques Roadshow Insider time and again (and again). Heck, I must take a few hundred images a month. Most of the time, the subject is one or both of my daughters, whose amazingly rapid growth has been fairly well-documented, to put it mildly.
So naturally, I took an extra-special interest interest in a feature we published a few months back on daguerreotypes. They're amazing little windows into the past—one-of-a-kind "silver sunbeams," as Dennis Waters of Fine Dags in Exeter, N.H., calls them.
The word
daguerreotype comes from Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (French, 1787–1851), who developed this first form of commercially viable photography in the 1830s. The format remained popular until around 1860, although the usage of dags began to wane around 1856 (ambrotypes, tintypes, and albumen technology provided competition).
DAG-MAKINGTo create a daguerreotype, a photographer would expose an image directly onto a silver-covered copper plate without using a negative. The silver surface has a mirror-like shine, which is why some folks refer to the daguerreotype as “a mirror with a memory.” Because of their fragile nature, dags usually were placed into a special viewing case—hence the phrase “cased daguerreotype.”
Today, of course, point-and-shoot digital cameras make photography simple. Within a few minutes, we can snap off dozens (even hundreds) of pictures, edit out the bad ones, and transfer the keepers to a computer hard drive. A few minutes later, we're producing high-quality prints.
Conversely, a daguerreotype portrait was a long process. The subject had to sit still for lengthy exposure times—from 20 minutes to as much as an hour or so. It had at be somewhat tortuous. When you stare into the eyes of countless mid-19th-century Americans as captured in daguerreotypes, you can't help but think about what an ordeal a “photo shoot” in the 1850s must have been like—how much patience one image required. All it took to ruin a sitting was a sneeze, a slight move of the head, or a squirming kid. In fact, you'll often see part of a mother's arm or dress visible in a daguerreotype as she tried to hold her child still. Some photographers even used iron head restraints for kids—and adults.
In my research, I stumbled across several daguerreotypes of dads with their young daughters, and they have a real poignancy about them. The dads look exceedingly proud of their young ’uns as they pose in front of those newfangled box cameras; the young girls look bored and anxious to break free from the long sitting. You can’t look at images of the people of the 1800s without being transported to that hard-working, innocent, black-and-white era.
TAKE A LOOKWhile our feature on daguerreotypes was in production, I took time out to attend the Boston Area Photo Show. Waters was on hand, exhibiting his “fine dags” and joking around with his regular customers. He’s truly a fountain of information. He’s also an impassioned champion of dags. “Finally, they’re being looked upon as art," he said. "Kicking and screaming, they’re being dragged into the lower echelon of the art world.”
If you walk into a show featuring a room full of tables holding dags, “art” isn’t the first word that comes to mind. The bulk of the dags are small (most common size: a "sixth plate," measuring 2¾ x 3¼ inches), and most are sitting inside display cases. When you view them, you need a good light source in order to catch the image just right.
But once you do zero in on the image, there’s no doubt that those early “daguerreotypists,” when they posed average folks in the standard garb of the day, were indeed creating art—and making a lasting impression.
As for collecting daguerreotypes, it can be an affordable pursuit. You can spend as little as $50 or upwards of $1,000, according to Waters. For $100 or less, says Mike Medhurst of Medhurst & Co., you can find a "ninth plate."
Daguerreotype sizes range from "whole plate" (6 1/2 inches x 8 1/2 inches) down to "sixteenth plate" (1 3/8 x 1 5/8) sizes. As always, go for quality, not quantity. View as many examples as you can on the Internet (see below*), at auctions, in books, and at photograph shows, and find ones that connect with you, whether the subject is a person, animal, solder, or equipment.
* In digging around for examples of daguerreotypes, try visiting these sites:
www.finedags.com
www.mikemedhurst.com
www.stereographica.com
www.cowanauctions.com
www.swanngalleries.com